Down Syndrome, izwi kandi ku izina rya Trisomy 21, ni imiterere yihariye y’uturemangingo fatizo tw’umubiri w’umuntu, ishobora kugira ingaruka ku mikurire y’ubwonko, imigirire,Imikorere, imiterere y’umubiri n’ubuzima muri rusange. Nubwo abana bavukana iyi miterere bashobora guhura n’imbogamizi zitandukanye mu buzima, ubushakashatsi n’iterambere ry’ubuvuzi bigaragaza ko bashobora kwiga, gukura, kugira inshuti, gukora imirimo itandukanye no kugira uruhare mu iterambere ry’imiryango migari.
Ubusanzwe, umuntu agira chromosomes 46 ziri mu matsinda 23. Ariko umuntu ufite Down Syndrome aba afite inyongera y’uturemangingo fatizo tujyanye na Chromosome ya 21, akenshi bigatuma agira 47 aho kugura 46 ni yo mpamvu Down Syndrome inazwi nka Trisomy 21.
Nk’uko ibigo by’ubushakashatsi mu by’ubuzima nka National Institutes of Health (NIH) na Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) bibisobanura, iyi miterere ikunze kubaho mu gihe uturemangingo tw’umubyeyi cyangwa se uwabyaye dutegurwa kugira uruhare mu iremwa ry’umwana, hakabaho ikosa ritunguranye mu igabanywamo ry’uturemangingo Gusa Down Syndrome ntiterwa n'uko ababyeyi bakoze ikosa mu kurera umwana, ibyo bariye, imyitwarire yabo mu gihe cy'imibonano mpuzabitsina cyangwa ikindi gikorwa runaka bakoze mu gihe cyo gutwita.
Iyi ndwara Nubwo ishobora kugaragara mu miryango itandukanye, ubushakashatsi bugaragaza ko amahirwe yo kubyara umwana ufite iyi miterere yiyongera uko imyaka y’umubyeyi utwite yiyongera. Icyakora, ishobora no kuboneka ku mwana wavutse ku mubyeyi ukiri muto,
Down Syndrome ishobora kugaragazwa n'ibimenyetso bitandukanye, ariko ntibiba bimwe kuri buri muntu.Usanga Akenshi :
1.Amaso ashobora kuba afite imiterere yihariye, akenshi areba hejuru gato.
2.Imikaya y'umubiri ishobora kuba idafite imbaraga zihagije (Low Muscle Tone).
3.Kugira ibiganza bigufi n'intoki ngufi.
4.Kugira ijosi rigufi.
5.Gutinda kwicara, kugenda cyangwa kuvuga ugereranyije n'abandi bana(Kudidimanga)
6.Kugira imbogamizi mu myigire no gufata mu mutwe ibintu bimwe na bimwe.
Icyakora, ibi bimenyetso ntibivuze ko buri mwana ufite Down Syndrome agomba kubigaragaza Byose ,Abana bafite iyi miterere bagira ubushobozi n'impano zitandukanye, kandi buri wese agomba gufatwa nk'umuntu wihariye.
Nubwo Down Syndrome atari indwara yandura, ishobora gutuma umuntu agira ibibazo bimwe na bimwe by’ubuzima ndetse n’imbogamizi mu buzima bwa buri munsi.
Abana bamwe bashobora gutinda kuvuga, gusoma, kwandika cyangwa kumva amasomo ugereranyije n’abandi bana. Ibi bishobora gutuma bakenera uburezi bwihariye(Special Need) Abarimu bakabafasha mu buryo bwihariye bwo kubigisha,Abana bafite Down Syndrome Kandi bashobora kugira ibyago byinshi byo kuvukana indwara z'umutima, kugira ibibazo by'ubushobozi bwo kumva no kubona, ibibazo by'imisemburo ndetse n'izindi ndwara zishobora gukenera gukurikiranwa n'abaganga.Hari naho abana bafite Down Syndrome bashobora gukobwa, gutukwa, guhezwa cyangwa kutemererwa kwiga no gukina n’abandi bana kubera imiterere yabo.
Ni yo mpamvu ari ngombwa ko bakorerwa isuzuma ry'ubuzima kenshi kugira ngo ibibazo bishoboka bigaragare hakiri kare.
Ku rwego mpuzamahanga, hari ibigo n'imiryango bitandukanye bifite inshingano zo gukora ubushakashatsi, gutanga amakuru, guteza imbere ubuvuzi, uburezi n'uburenganzira bw'abantu bafite Down Syndrome: Harimo ; World Health Organization (WHO),United Nations (UN),Down Syndrome International (DSi),National Down Syndrome Society (NDSS),Global Down Syndrome Foundation nabandi.
Tariki ya 21 Werurwe Kandi ni Umunsi Mpuzamahanga wo kuzirikana abantu bafite Down Syndrome,Uyu munsi washyizweho n'Inteko Rusange y'Umuryango w'Abibumbye mu Kuboza 2011, utangira kwizihizwa mu mwaka wa 2012.
Kwakira umwana ufite Down Syndrome bitangirira mu muryango, ariko inshingano ntizigarukira ku babyeyi gusa. Amashuri, inzego z'ubuyobozi, ibigo nderabuzima n'abaturage bose bafite uruhare.
Mu muryango: Ababyeyi bakwiye kwakira umwana wabo nta kumwiyumvamo ipfunwe, bakamuha urukundo, kumwitaho, kumujyana kwa muganga no kumufasha guteza imbere ubushobozi bwe.
Mu mashuri: Abarezi bakwiye gushyiraho uburyo bw'uburezi budaheza, aho abana bafite Down Syndrome bashobora kwiga no gukorana n'abandi bana, bahabwa ubufasha bukenewe hakurikijwe ubushobozi bwabo.
Mu baturage: Abantu bakwiye kwirinda kubaseka, kubaha amazina abasebya, nka :Ibigoryi,Ibiduma,Ibirofa,Ikidiridiri,Kajuga,karema, nandi ,Kwirinda kubakoresha nabi cyangwa kubafata nk'abantu badafite ubushobozi.
Mu nzego z'ubuyobozi: Hakenewe gahunda zifasha imiryango, amahugurwa y'abarezi, ubuvuzi bwihariye n'amahirwe yo kwitabira ibikorwa by'iterambere ry'iguhugu.
Down Syndrome ni imiterere umuntu avukana, ariko ntikwiye kuba impamvu yo kumubuza amahirwe yo kubaho neza, kwiga, gukundwa no kugira uruhare mu iterambere ry'umuryango,Abana bafite iyi miterere ntibakeneye kugirirwa impuhwe gusa, ahubwo bakeneye kubahwa, kwitabwaho, guhabwa uburenganzira bwabo no gufashwa guteza imbere ubushobozi bafite.
Ni ngombwa ko buri mubyeyi, murezi, muganga n'undi wese mu muryango mugari yumva ko umwana ufite Down Syndrome atari ikibazo kuri sosiyete, ahubwo ari umuntu ufite agaciro, uburenganzira, impano n'ubushobozi bukwiye gutezwa imbere.
Kwakira itandukaniro ry'abantu ni intambwe ikomeye mu kubaka sosiyete idaheza, itanga amahirwe angana kandi yubaha ubuzima bwa buri wese.
Ibyifuzo by’abasomyi
