Umubare w'abantu binjiye mu bihugu bigize Umuryango w'Ubumwe bw'u Burayi (EU) banyuze ku mipaka yo hanze mu buryo budakurikije amategeko wagabanutseho 26% mu mwaka wa 2025, ugereranyije na 2024. Icyakora, imibare y'inzego zishinzwe umutekano ku mipaka n'imiryango mpuzamahanga ikurikirana abimukira igaragaza ko inzira zo mu nyanja zihuza Afurika n'u Burayi zigikomeje gukoreshwa, ndetse zigahitana ubuzima bw'abatari bake.
Raporo z'Ikigo cy'u Burayi gishinzwe kurinda imipaka (Frontex), Umuryango Mpuzamahanga ushinzwe Abimukira (IOM) n'ishami ry'Umuryango w'Abibumbye ryita ku Mpunzi (UNHCR) zigaragaza ko iki kibazo gifite isura itandukanye bitewe n'inzira abimukira banyuramo, ibihugu bakomokamo n'uburyo inzego z'umutekano zigenzura imipaka.
Imibare ya Frontex igaragaza ko mu 2024 habonetse abantu 239,159 bagaragaye mu bikorwa byo kwambuka imipaka yo hanze y'Umuryango w'Ubumwe bw'u Burayi mu buryo budakurikije amategeko.
Mu 2025, uwo mubare wagabanutse ugera kuri 179,855, bivuze igabanuka rya 26%.Zimwe mu Inzira nyamukuru zikoreshwa:ziri muri Libya na Tunisia aho aberekeza mu Butaliyani Banyura.
Inzira yo mu Nyanja ya Mediterane yo hagati (Central Mediterranean Route) ni imwe mu nzira z'ingenzi zikoreshwa n'abimukira bava muri Afurika y'Amajyaruguru berekeza mu Burayi.Abenshi bahaguruka ku nkombe za Libya, Tunisia na Algeria, bagamije kugera mu Butaliyani cyangwa muri Malta.
Raporo ihuriweho na IOM na UNHCR igaragaza ko mu 2025 habaye ibikorwa byo kugerageza kwambuka iyi nyanja bigera ku 100,777, bivuye ku bihugu bya Libya, Tunisia na Algeria ,iyi mibare yagabanutseho 21% ugereranyije na 2024.
Nubwo kugerageza kwambuka byagabanutse, abantu 65,327 bageze mu Butaliyani na Malta banyuze muri iyi nzira mu 2025, bikaba byariyongereyeho 4% ugereranyije n'umwaka wari wabanje,Iyi raporo kandi igaragaza ko abantu benshi mu bagaragaye muri ibyo bikorwa bakomokaga muri Bangladesh (22%), Sudan (12%), Misiri (11%), Eritrea (9%) na Pakistan (5%),Ibi bigaragaza ko nubwo iyi nzira ihuza Afurika n'u Burayi, itakoreshwa n'Abanyafurika gusa.
Indi nzira ni iya Atlantika muri Afurika y'Iburengerazuba yerekeza muri Espagne; Iyi nzira ikoreshwa cyane n'abegereye iyi nyanja ya Atlantika (Western African Atlantic Route), ihuza ibihugu birimo Senegal, Mauritania na Maroc n'ibirwa bya Canary Islands biri muri Espagne; Abimukira bayikoresha bagenda mu bwato buto, rimwe na rimwe bukaba butari mu rwego rwo kwambuka inyanja ndende.
Raporo ya IOM y'umwaka wa 2025 igaragaza ko abantu 17,788 bageze mu birwa bya Canary Islands banyuze muri iyi nzira, bavuye ku bantu 46.843 bari bahageze mu 2024,Ibi bivuze ko umubare wagabanutseho 62% Icyakora, mu 2025 hagaragaye impanuka 54 z'ubwato, zahitanye cyangwa zituma abantu 1,214 baburirwa irengero, bakaba bakekwaho kuba barapfuye.
Mu gihe cya mbere ya Nyakanga 2026, abantu 3,708 bageze muri Canary Islands banyuze muri iyi nzira, bavuye ku 11,321 bari bahageze mu gihe nk'icyo mu 2025. Ni igabanuka rya 67% Muri icyo gihe kandi, ubwato 59 bwananiwe kugera aho bwari bugiye, abantu 168 barapfa cyangwa baburirwa irengero Iyi mibare igaragaza ko kugabanuka kw'abagera muri Espagne bitavuze ko ibyago byo muri iyi nzira byashize.
Ikibazo cy'abimukira bambuka inyanja mu buryo butemewe ntikigarukira ku kugenzura imipaka gusa, kuko hari n'ababurira ubuzima mu nzira Imibare ya IOM ibinyujije mu mushinga wayo wa Missing Migrants Project igaragaza ko mu 2025 abantu 3,403 bapfuye bamwe baburiwe irengero mu nzira zerekeza i Burayi.Muri 2024, bari 3,812,Naho Muti 2023, bari 4,114.
Iyi mibare ikubiyemo inzira zitandukanye zo ku Nyanja ya Mediterane no kuri Atlantika.Ku nzira ya Central Mediterranean yonyine, IOM na UNHCR bagaragaje abantu 1,330 bapfuye cyangwa baburirwa irengero mu 2025, bavuye ku 1,754 mu 2024.
IOM ivuga ko iyi mibare ishobora kuba iri munsi y'ukuri, kuko hari ubwato burohama ntihagire amakuru ahagije aboneka ku mubare w'abari baburimo.
Mu gukumira abinjira mu Burayi mu buryo budakurikije amategeko, hari inzego zitandukanye zikorana n'ibihugu bya Afurika.
Frontex: Ni ikigo cy'u Burayi gishinzwe gufasha ibihugu bigize EU kurinda imipaka yo hanze. Gikurikirana ibikorwa byo kwambuka imipaka, kigatanga amakuru ku nzira zikoreshwa n'uburyo bw'ubucuruzi bwa magendu y'abantu.
IOM: Ikurikirana ingendo z'abimukira, ibarura abagera mu bihugu bitandukanye, ikanakurikirana abapfa cyangwa baburirwa irengero.
UNHCR: Yita ku burenganzira bw'impunzi n'abasaba ubuhungiro, ikanakurikirana ibibazo by'umutekano n'uburinzi bahura na byo.
Inzego z'umutekano zo mu bihugu bya Afurika n'u Burayi: Harimo abashinzwe kurinda inkombe, abapolisi, abashinzwe abinjira n'abasohoka ndetse n'inzego zirwanya icuruzwa ry'abantu.Izi nzego zikorana mu gukumira ibikorwa by'amatsinda acuruza abantu, gukurikirana ingendo z'ubwato no gutabara abimukira bari mu kaga.
Ese Ni iki gituma abantu bakomeza gufata urugendo rushobora kubahitana mu nyanja yuzuye imitana ?
Mu bushakashatsi ku bimukira, hagaragaramo impamvu zirimo:Ubukene no kubura akazi,Intambara n'umutekano muke,Ibibazo bya politiki n'itotezwa,Icyizere cyo kubona akazi n'imibereho myiza mu Burayi,Ibibazo by'imihindagurikire y'ikirere n'igabanuka ry'umusaruro w'ubuhinzi.
Ku rundi ruhande, amatsinda acuruza abantu akoresha icyizere cy'abashaka kugera mu Burayi, akabaka amafaranga menshi, rimwe na rimwe akabashyira mu bwato butizewe cyangwa akabatererana mu nzira.
Ibyifuzo by’abasomyi
